Unit 2 covers body plans, feeding habits, response systems, circulation, excretion, respiration, reproduction, and movement of five phyla in the animal kingdom. They have tissue organization and a body plan displaying radial symmetry. Ppt phylum cnidaria powerpoint presentation free to. Phylum cnidaria hydras, jellyfish, sea anemones and coral. Porifera, cnidaria, platyhelminthes, nematoda, and annelida.
The cnidaria is a natural group of diploblastic organisms with a mostly acellular mesogloea that is derived from the ectoderm. Those cnidarians which exist in both forms exhibit alternation of. A group of animals that includes corals, hydras, jellyfish, portuguese manofwar, sea anemones, sea pens, sea whips, and sea fans. Cnidarians are united because of the fact that their nematocysts have been inherited from a single common ancestor.
Morphologically simple, with relatively few cell types, cnidarians have reached a remarkable diversity through modifications mainly in colonial organization and life histories. Phylogeny of medusozoa and the evolution of cnidarian life cycles pdf. The reference is to the stinging cells called cnidae or nematocysts. Three main classes of cnidaria are addressed in this guide. Recent south african species checklists have elevated the known number of marine cnidarians from 842 species in 2010 to more than 950 in 2018. The pharynx is the muscular part of the digestive system that serves to ingest as well as egest food, and may extend for up to twothirds the length of the body before opening into the gastrovascular cavity. No american fisheries society special publication 28.
Cnidaria phylum facts cnidaria are diverse in form, but share stinging cells called nematocysts. Cnidaria is a phylum with about 11,000 species of animals. Hydra are single polyps, generally 115 mm in length, with a whorl of tentacles at the top of a column and an adherent base at the bottom fig. Animals in this phylum have no specialized excretory or respiratory organs but do have a nervous system. The phylogeny of cnidaria has been a source of debate for decades, during which. However, it is unclear how the other groups acquired the medusa stage, since hydrozoa form medusae by budding from the side of the polyp while the other. The class anthozoa includes all cnidarians that exhibit a polyp body plan only. Cnidarians exhibit two basic body forms called polyp and medusa figure 4. What two digestive system structures appeared first in the cnidarians. What was the first group of animals to exist on the ocean floor. Show full abstract venom varies significantly amongst cnidarians, and although corals are often.
Phylogenomics provides a robust topology of the major cnidarian. The phylum cnidaria and ctenophora powerpoint presentation covers the following topics and more. Examples include sea anemones figure 4, sea pens, and corals, with an estimated number of 6,100 described species. These are used for anchorage, defense and capture of. Radiate animal characteristics meaning of phylum names classification cnidarian diversity body structure cell layers, gastr. Many have both body plans in their life cycle polyp attached to substrate, sessile medusa free swimming 12. A general feature of cnidarians, as i noted above, is their stinging cells. The slitlike mouth opening and pharynx are lined by a groove called a siphonophore. Specialized cells called cnidocytes contain nematocysts. Within the cnidaria, the anthozoa sea anemones and corals are regarded as the sistergroup of the rest, which suggests that the earliest cnidarians were sessile polyps with no medusa stage. Phylum cnidaria characteristics cnidarians mainly marine distinct tissues but no organs diploblastic epidermis gastrodermis gelatinous mesoglea middle glue carnivorous two basic body forms polyps cylindrical and sessile medusae umbrellashaped and freeliving exist as either medusae or polyps or alternate between the two phases. Common and scientific names of aquatic invertebrates from the united states and canada. Phylum cnidaria characteristics ecological roles food source homeshelter symbiosis with algaeprotists wave break to protect shore lines.
Radiate animal characteristics meaning of phylum names classification cnidaria. The mouth of a sea anemone is surrounded by tentacles that bear cnidocytes. Several thousands of cnidarian species are known from all. The former is a sessile and cylindrical form like hydra, adamsia, etc. Characterization of cnidaria member of the clade eumetazoa true tissues diversified into range of both sessile and floating forms these include. The occurrence of more than one type of structurally and functionally different individuals within a.
An example of the polyp form is hydra spp perhaps the most wellknown medusoid animals are the jellies jellyfish. The phylums name is derived from the greek root word cnid meaning nettle, a stinging plant. Hormiphora the sea walnut, pleurobrachia the sea gooseberry. The phylum cnidaria and ctenophora notes handouts covers the following topics and more. Cnidaria nidarea is the latinized form of a greek word that means sting. The basic structure is saclike, with a single terminal opening, functioning both as mouth and anus. Hydra are single polyps, generally 115 mm in length, with a whorl of tentacles at the top of a column and an adherent base at. Phyla porifera, cnidaria, platyhelminthes, nematoda. Cylindrical form which attach bases to substratum medusa. The phylum cnidaria consists of sessile or free swimming animals, characterised by primary radial, often modified as biradial or quadriradial, symmetry. Name date lab phylum cnidaria questions video title.
Phylum cnidaria a powerpoint presentation by sophia dicamillo and will guiteras 2. The large differences between porifera sponges, cnidaria plus ctenophora. Apr, 2016 phylum cnidaria characteristics body plan. Cnidarians are carnivorous, the major part of their diet consisting of crustaceans. Phylum cnidaria cnidarians vreni haussermann the exclusively aquatic phylum cnidaria is a very diverse group with more than 11,000 species worldwide. Chart and diagram slides for powerpoint beautifully designed chart and diagram s for powerpoint with visually stunning graphics and animation effects. The cnidaria pronounced nidariaas a group of animals are well known to many people under their common names, sea anemones, corals and jellyfish are all cnidarians as are hydras, sea whips, sea fans and sea pansies. Developmental biology of the early cambrian cnidarian olivooides.
Examples of this include sea pansies shown here, sea fans, sea whips, sea pens and of course corals. Subphylum cnidaria article about subphylum cnidaria by. Hgt with significant impact on the evolution of an entire animal phylum. Our new crystalgraphics chart and diagram slides for powerpoint is a collection of over impressively designed datadriven chart and editable diagram s guaranteed to impress any audience. Structure and function of the different cellular units 4. The phylum cnidaria pronounced nih dare ee uh includes softbodied stinging animals such as corals, sea anemones, and jellyfish fig. Label and colour code the following cellgerm layers. Cnidaria phylum multiple choice test name exploring nature. The characteristics of phylum cnidaria the characteristics of. We could detect clear orthologues of pgsaa in all available cnidarian genomes supplemental data.
A subphylum of parasitic cnidaria, myxozoa, were discovered in 2007, but are not addressed further in. Cnidarian zooids may take the form of polyps or medusae at different phases of their life. The most abundant, widespread, and wellstudied of these are the hydras, members of the genus hydra. Cnidaria simple english wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Your purchase includes a 15page student fillin style notes sheet and 15page teacher key in both.
All of them are simple and aquatic, and most of them live in the sea. The phylum porifera consists of sponges, the simplest of the animal kingdom. A sub phylum of parasitic cnidaria, myxozoa, were discovered in 2007, but are not addressed further in. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Classes in the phylum cnidaria biology for majors ii.
Cnidaria and ctenophora, second edition, 2002 journalbook name, vol. Habit and habitat of hydra structure of hydra structure and function of the. The symbiotic associations between cnidarians and dinoflagellate algae symbiodinium support productive and. Horizontal gene transfer and the evolution of cnidarian stinging cells.
Nematocysts are concerned with food capture, defence and attachment. Some are colonial, composed of zooids which may be clones. Label the diagram of hydra using the following terms. Notes on phylum cnidaria 21 phylum cnidaria characteristics. Cnidaria is a diverse phylum of mostly marine species com. Cnidarians get their name from the cnidocytes stinging cells, located along their tentacles.
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